Central nervous system

• Asian ginseng (ginseng in brief) can regulate the excitatory and inhibitory processes in the central nervous system, but the excitatory activity takes prodominance.
• Ginseng in apropriate doses can improve the learning and memory ability.
• Ginseng also reduces fatigue after exercise, partially due to its stimulation on lipid mobilization, protein and RNA synthesis.
• Ginseng has intrinsic cholinomimetic and catacholamine-mimetic activity, and can enhance functions of choline system.
• Ginseng promotes synthesis of proteins, RNA and DNA.
• Ginseng protects the brain from ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Improve the adaptability of the body

• As a adaptogen, ginseng changes the responsiveness of the body towards various harmful stimuli and stresses.

Cardiovascular system

• Cardiac function: low-dose ginseng stimulates cardiac muscle to increase cardiac output and rate, however, high-dose ginseng suppresses the heart contraction and rate instead.
• Myocardial protection: ginseng improves the resistance of cardiac muscle towards ischemia, and reduces injuries due to ischemia and reperfusion.
• Vasoactive activity: ginseng can dilate blood vessels, though its vasorestrictive action was documented; therefore, both reduction and increase of blood pressure are reported.
• Increase resistance to anoxia: ginseng increases the survival time of animals under anoxia environment.
• Hematopoiesis: ginseng stimulates bone marrow to produce blood cells.
• Blood thinning effect: ginseng inhibits platelet aggregation.
• Lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerosis: ginseng reduces blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, but increases HDL.

Anti-Shock

• Ginseng not only alleviates symptoms of anaphylactic shock, but also improve hypovolumic shock secondary to fluid or blood loss.

Effect on the Liver

• Ginseng increases the activity of transforming enzymes in the liver and therefore enhances the detoxification capability of the liver.

Endocrine system

• Ginseng stimulates pituitary-adrenal system and then incrases the level of corcoticosteroids
• Ginseng can stimulate sexual glands in both male and female. Ginseng increases testosterone level.

Hypoglycemic action

• Ginseng restores insulin receptor sensitivity and reduces blood glucose level.