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Pharmacological Review of Ginsenoside Dammarane Saponin Rh2
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Pharmacological Review of Ginsenoside Dammarane Saponin Rg1
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Pharmacological Review of Ginsenoside Dammarane Saponin Rb1
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Pharmacological Review of Aglycon Dammarane Sapogenin (AGS) – Protopanaxatriol (PPT)
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Pharmacological Review of Aglycon Dammarane Sapogenin (AGS) – Protopanaxadiol (PPD)
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Active ingredients in ginseng
Main Ingredients
- Ginsenosides: ginsenosides are main pharmacologically active ingredients in ginseng, there are more than 30 ginsenosides isolated from red ginseng, dried fresh ginseng and white ginseng.
- Organic Acid and Esters: Citric acid, Isocitric acid, Fumaric acid, Ketoglutaric acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Cis-butendicarboxylic acid, Malic acid, Pyruvic acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid, Panax acid, Salicyclic acid, Vanillic acid, p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, Triglyceride, Palmitic acid, Palmitin, α,γ-stearodipalmitin, Trigammalinolenin, glycodiglyceride.
- Vitamins: Vitamine B1, B2, B12, C, Nicotinic acid, Folic acid, pantothenic acid, Biotin, and nicotinic amide.
- Steroids and glycosides: β-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Daucosterol, Campesterol, P[Sitosteryl-O- (6-O- fatty acyl)-glucopyranoside] and sterols.
- Besides, ginseng contains adenyl transferase, β-amylase, Invertase, Maltol, Nonacosane, Kaempferol, Panasenoside and copper, zinc, iron, manganese and other trace elements.
Types of ginsenosides in ginseng stem and leaves are similar to the root, and their amount in ginseng leaves, fibrous roots, flower and fruit is even higher than the root.
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